T h e r a p e u t i c I n d e x 55 3. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory action: The a-glucosidase inhibitory action retards carbohydrate digestion, an alternate means to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. Epicatechin, the active principle of Pterocarpus marsupium, along with Syzygium cuminii and Tinospora cordifolia, has a-glucosidase inhibitory activity and regulates key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. 4. Glucose utilization-stimulatory action: Diabecon increases the hepatic and muscle glycogen content. Gymnema sylvestre, Boerhaavia diffusa, Syzygium cuminii, Momordica charantia, Pterocarpus marsupium, and Tinospora cordifolia enhance peripheral utilization of glucose. 5. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis: Tribulus terrestris inhibits gluconeogenesis. 6. β-Cell repair/regenerative action: b-Cell destruction is common in diabetes mellitus. Pterocarpus marsupium, Gymnema sylvestre, and Shilajeet save the b-cells and pancreas from deterioration by restricting load, and promoting unrestricted endogenous insulin action. 7. Neuroprotective action: Diabetes mellitus affects peripheral and autonomic nerves, leading to various neurological complications. Syzygium cuminii has neuroprotective action and protects from diabetic neuropathies. 8. Oculoprotective action: Diabecon effectively reduces the risk of diabetic retinopathy. An effective adjuvant to conventional OHAs where the resolution of retinopathy is enhanced, Diabecon resolves, prevents, and retards retinal and vitreal microaneurysms, and proliferative retinal changes. Curcuma longa, with its antioxidant and antiangiogenic actions, inhibits Ca2+ entry and protein kinase C activity, which helps prevent diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic patients risk accelerated cataract formation, as hyperglycemia leads to tissue disruption and intumescences by osmotic changes (induced via the aldose reductase-mediated polyol pathway). Hence, aldose reductase inhibitors prevent sorbitol accumulation and prevent accelerated cataract formation in diabetics. Gymnema sylvestre, Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzygium cuminii, Tinospora cordifolia, and Ocimum sanctum have aldose reductase–inhibitory action, and thus prevent the acceleration of cataract formation in diabetics. 9. Renoprotective action: Diabetic nephropathy is a frequent consequence of long-standing diabetes mellitus, which may lead to renal failure. Diabecon effectively reduces the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Aloe vera, and Boerhaavia diffusa reduce urinary protein excretion in glomerulopathies, and also attenuate progression to end stage renal disease. Diabecon® (tablet, DS tablet)
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