T h e r a p e u t i c I n d e x 30 3. Local anesthetic action: Eucalyptus globulus contains eucalyptol that exerts pain-relieving action, possibly mediated by inhibiting human transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1). Eucalyptol is also shown to have a mild local anesthetizing effect. 4. Antimicrobial action: Glycyrrhizin and related compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra exhibit antiviral property against many viruses. They work by weakening the viral activity by inhibiting viral gene expression and replication, reducing adhesion force and stress, and reducing high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) binding to DNA. In addition, glycyrrhizin also enhances host cell activity, for example, by blocking the degradation of IκB, by activating T lymphocyte proliferation, and/or by suppressing host cell apoptosis, which may benefit in attenuating the virulence. Eucalyptol exhibits potent antimicrobial effect against several human pathogenic bacteria. It potentiates the activity of the antiviral transcription factor namely interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3, while simultaneously reducing the proinflammatory nuclear factor-κB activity in human cell lines, in inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs), and ex vivo cultivated human nasal mucosa, thus validating its use in mitigating viral respiratory infections. Bresol®-NS Saline Nasal Solution (drops/spray)
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