T h e r a p e u t i c I n d e x 26 Dosage Syrup: Children: 1 to 2 teaspoonsful (5 to 10 mL) two to three times daily. Adults: 2 teaspoonsful (10 mL) two to three times daily. Tablet: Children: 1 tablet two to three times daily. Adults: 2 tablets two to three times daily. Adverse Effects No adverse effects have been reported. Contraindications No known contraindications. Drug Interactions No clinically significant drug interactions have been reported. Presentation Syrup: Pilfer-proof bottle of 200 mL with a measuring cup. Tablet: Sealed pack of 60 tablets. Pharmacological Actions of Principal Ingredients 1. Antihistaminic, mast cell-stabilizing, and interleukin (IL)-downregulating actions: Ocimum sanctum has been demonstrated to protect against histamine- as well as pollen-induced bronchospasm, and inhibit antigen-induced histamine release from sensitized mast cells. Eugenol, extracted from the essential oil of Ocimum sanctum, has a membrane-stabilizing effect on synaptosomes, erythrocytes and mast cells, which accounts for the therapeutic potential of Ocimum sanctum in the management of inflammatory and allergic disorders. Ocimum sanctum is used in catarrh and bronchitis, possibly due to its varied pharmacological activities. Basophils, mast cells, and their preformed de novo synthesized mediators play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. Experimental studies show that IL-4 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was increased in sensitized rats when they were exposed to antigen/allergen, and this upregulation of IL-4 was reversed by treatment with Bresol. The effect may be due to inhibition of Th2 cell formation or function. It is important to note that IL-4 is one of the important triggering factors for the release of IgE (reaginic) antibodies, which are responsible for allergy. IL-4 is involved in allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Curcumin present in Curcuma longa inhibits protease-activated receptor PAR2- and PAR4-mediated human mast cell activation. 2. Bronchodilatory action: Alkaloids of Adhatoda vasica enhance the bronchodilatory action, and have potential value in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases like bronchial asthma. They show noted protection against allergen-induced bronchial obstruction, thus illustrating their protective role in airway maintenance. Mesua ferrea is found to potentiate the bronchodilatory activity of isoprenaline, both in vitro and in vivo. Bresol® (syrup, tablet)
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