T h e r a p e u t i c I n d e x 16 The anti-inflammatory property of Aloe vera, Cocos nucifera and Oryza sativa, combined with the immunomodulatory effect of Aloe vera, helps modulate immune response in the skin and deters the cutaneous inflammatory response through inhibiting key proinflammatory cytokines (namely, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-γ). 4. Antimicrobial action: Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans are among the most common microorganisms that colonize the atopic skin, endangering secondary infection facilitated by the compromised skin barrier. Ceramidase from the skin-colonizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, activated by Staphylococcus aureus-derived glycerophospholipids, causes the hydrolysis of ceramides, leading to degradation of the barrier function in atopic skin. Aloe vera and Cocos nucifera oils exhibit inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Althea® (lotion)
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