T h e r a p e u t i c I n d e x 167 The coumarin glycosides present in Daucus carota extract may be acting through the blockade of calcium channels, and this effect may be responsible for the blood pressure-lowering effect of compounds in Daucus carota, as observed in the in vivo studies, thus showing its valuable cardioprotective activity. Mangifera indica has free radical scavenging property, which reduces lipid peroxidation and enhances the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT against isoproterenol. The tannoid principles of the fruits of Emblica officinalis have been reported to exhibit antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. Emblicanin A (37%) and emblicanin B (33%)-enriched fractions of the fresh juice of Emblica officinalis fruits renormalize activities of cardiac CAT, SOD, and GPX, which get deviated due to oxidative stress, thus proving their cardioprotective effect. Withania somnifera extract has cardioprotective activity. Various trials suggest that prior treatment with Withania somnifera extract favorably restored the myocardial oxidant–antioxidant balance, exerted marked anti-apoptotic effect, and reduced myocardial damage as evidenced by histopathological evaluation. This proves that the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Withania somnifera may contribute to the cardioprotective effect. The elevated level of serum lipids poses the risk of coronary heart disease. The extract of Withania somnifera shows cardioprotective activity by way of its lipid-renormalizing as well as glucose-renormalizing activities. Eugenol present in Syzygium aromaticum inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis, formation of thromboxane B2, and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, which shows its antithrombotic activity. 5. Immunomodulatory action: Mangiferin extracted from Mangifera indica is proven to have immunomodulatory activity by extending its effect on cell-mediated and humoral components of the immune system. A trial shows that its administration produced an increase in humoral antibody (HA) titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Withania somnifera shows potent inhibitory activity towards the complement system, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and DTH reaction, thus showing its contribution toward improved immunity. The extracts from Daucus carota are proven to have immunomodulatory activity. A trial showed that the augmentation of lymphocyte proliferation was closely correlated to an increase in the number of lymphocyte cells including CD8+ T cells and activated PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells), whereas elevation of interferon-gamma (IFN-g) secretion was due to the activated CD8+ T cells. The trial also exhibited three types of immunomodulation including type 1 of PHA, ConA and quercetin (increased lymphocyte activation and IFN-g secretion), type 2 of isopimpinellin (enhanced lymphocyte activation) and type 3 of rutin, bergapten and xanthotoxin (elevated IFN-g secretion). OxitardTM (capsule)
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