T h e r a p e u t i c I n d e x 12 2. Lipid-normalizing action: Abana effectively reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and increases the cardioprotective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels. Terminalia arjuna has hypolipidemic activity that reduces total cholesterol (TC) and TGs in atherosclerosis. Withania somnifera has antihypercholesterolemic action that attenuates the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Tinospora cordifolia reduces serum and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids, and free fatty acids (FFAs). Emblica officinalis reduces serum cholesterol, TG, phospholipid, LDL and tissue lipid levels, with regression of aortic plaque. Its hypolipidemic action inhibits synthesis of, and degrades and excretes cholesterol and phospholipids. Terminalia chebula has significant antihypercholesterolemic action. Ocimum sanctum and Crocus sativus have antihypercholesterolemic action. Glycyrrhiza glabra has hypocholesterolemic activity. It reduces the plasma and hepatic total lipid, cholesterol, TG, LDLc and VLDLc levels, and increases HDLc levels. It accelerates cholesterol, neutral sterol and bile acid elimination through fecal matter, with increased hepatic bile acid production. Also, it improves the hepatic antioxidant enzymes by increasing ascorbic acid. Boerhaavia diffusa reduces serum and tissue cholesterol, FFAs, phospholipids, and TGs. Commiphora wightii lowers plasma TC, TG, FFA, and phospholipid levels through liver lipolytic activity, increased fecal bile acid excretion, and inhibition of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid peroxidation. Nardostachys jatamansi has antihyperlipidemic action. Piper longum and Zingiber officinale are potent inhibitors of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase, and thus reduce cholesterol in the system. Zingiber officinale reduces plasma TGs, cholesterol, LDLc, and VLDLc. Its hypolipidemic action decreases hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and reduces LDL peroxidation. Acorus calamus has significant hypolipidemic action. Pyrus malus has hypolipidemic action. Embelia ribes has antidyslipidemic action that decreases serum TC and TGs, and increases HDLc. Foeniculum vulgare has antidyslipidemic action that inhibits lipid peroxidation and increases HDLc. Punica granatum normalizes abnormal cardiac lipid metabolism by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARa) and lowering circulating lipids. Aloe vera reduces hepatic transaminases, plasma and tissue cholesterol, TGs, FFAs, and phospholipids. It normalizes the decreased plasma levels of HDLc. Daucus carota modifies cholesterol absorption and bile acid excretion. 3. Platelet aggregation–inhibitory action: Abana reduces abnormal platelet adhesion and aggregation, and hence, is beneficial in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions requiring inhibition of platelet aggregation. Terminalia arjuna and Syzygium aromaticum have potent platelet aggregation–inhibiting activity. Gingerols in Zingiber officinale prevent platelet aggregation due to inhibition of thromboxane formation. 4. Thrombin-inhibitory action: Glycyrrhiza glabra has remarkable thrombin-inhibitory action. Zingiber officinale has antithrombotic action. Abana® (tablet)
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