T h e r a p e u t i c I n d e x 137 Mandura bhasma has hepatoprotective property, and is beneficial in chemically-induced hepatotoxicity as it prevents changes in liver enzyme activities. Terminalia arjuna reduces cholesterol levels, and is also useful in liver disorders. Tamarix gallica is known for its digestive and hepatoprotective activities, and has a salutary effect on liver glycogen and serum proteins. Apigenin, luteolin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and protocateuic acid are constituents from Eclipta alba, which exhibit maximum hepatoprotective activity. Phyllanthus amarus has hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory activities. Boerhaavia diffusa has hepatoprotective activity. Tinospora cordifolia has well-known hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory functions, and improves appetite. Berberis aristata has antihepatotoxic action. It maintains serum levels of ALP and aminotransaminases (ALT and AST) at normalcy, which is suggestive of hepatoprotection, and helpful in various forms of jaundice. Terminalia chebula has hepatoprotective activity against antitubercular drug-induced toxicity due to its antioxidative and membrane-stabilizing activities. 2. Antioxidant action: Flavonoids of Capparis spinosa have significant antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by lipid peroxidation, bleaching of free radicals, and autoxidation of iron ions. Cichorium intybus has potent antioxidant action, as evident by its free radical scavenging effect, and inhibition of hydrogen peroxide and iron chelation. Solanum nigrum protects DNA against oxidative damage, and also acts as a potent scavenger of hydroxyl and diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radicals. The cytoprotective effect of Solanum nigrum against gentamicin-induced toxicity showed a significant inhibition of cytotoxicity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging potential. Terminalia arjuna has potent antioxidant activity, which is due to its effect on lipid peroxidation. Arjunaphthanoloside from Terminalia arjuna inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production, and terminoside A decreases inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Achillea millefolium has antioxidant activity. 3. Antimicrobial action: Cichorium intybus and Achillea millefolium have potent antimicrobial activity. Terminalia arjuna has potent antibacterial activity. Cassia occidentalis has antimicrobial property comparable to those of standard reference antibiotics. Capparis spinosa has potent antibacterial action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 4. Antiviral action: Terminalia arjuna has strong antiviral activity, inhibiting viral attachment and penetration. Liv.52® (drops, syrup, tablet, DS syrup, DS tablet)
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