T h e r a p e u t i c I n d e x 116 Presentation • Box of 10 single-lozenge pillow packs • PET jar of 175 single-lozenge pillow packs Pharmacological Actions of Principal Ingredients 1. Demulcent and antitussive actions: Acacia catechu is rich in tannins that relieve throat irritation, and hence, is useful in respiratory tract infections (RTI). Syzygium aromaticum, rich in eugenol and ellagitannins, soothes the throat and provides antitussive activity. 2. Anti-inflammatory action: Koflet lozenge’s anti-inflammatory action reduces inflammation in the upper respiratory tract, especially in the pharynx and larynx. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Syzygium aromaticum, Elettaria cardamomum, and Curcuma longa have strong anti-inflammatory action, which controls the inflammation associated with acute and chronic cough. Epigallocatechin gallate and resveratrol from Vitis vinifera have potent anti-inflammatory activity. 3. Antimicrobial action: Acacia catechu has antimicrobial activity against pathogenic oral bacteria. Terminalia chebula, Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Curcuma longa have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Cinnamomum zeylanicum has antibacterial and antifungal activities. Trikatu increases the efficacy of co-administered medicaments through its bioavailability-enhancing properties, and thus has a beneficial effect in the management of RTI. 4. Antioxidant action: Cough has varied etiology, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiopathology of respiratory tract diseases. Many mucolytic and antitussive drugs rely on their antioxidant potential to deliver therapeutic benefits. Acacia catechu, Terminalia chebula, Syzygium aromaticum, Elettaria cardamomum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa, and Vitis vinifera have strong antioxidant action. 5. Local analgesic action: b-caryophyllene, one of the main components of oil obtained from the dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, exhibits local anesthetic action and provides relief from throat pain. Elettaria cardamomum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, and Vitis vinifera have antinociceptive action. 6. Antihistaminic action: Syzygium aromaticum inhibits immediate hypersensitivity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vitro and in vivo. Curcuma longa has antihistaminic action. Koflet® (lozenge)
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