48 • Probe •Vol LXII • No. 4 • Sep–Dec 2023 Prescribing Information 5. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis: T terrestris inhibits gluconeogenesis. 6. β-cell repair/regenerative action: β-cell destruction is common in diabetes mellitus. P marsupium, G sylvestre, and Shilajeet save the β-cells and pancreas from deterioration by restricting load and promoting unrestricted endogenous insulin action. 7. Neuroprotective action: Diabetes mellitus affects peripheral and autonomic nerves, leading to various neurological complications. S cuminii has neuroprotective action and protects from diabetic neuropathies. 8. Oculoprotective action: Diabecon effectively reduces the risk of diabetic retinopathy. An effective adjuvant to conventional OHAs where the resolution of retinopathy is enhanced, Diabecon resolves, prevents and retards retinal and vitreal microaneurysms, and proliferative retinal changes. C longa, with its antioxidant and antiangiogenic actions, inhibits Ca2+ entry and protein kinase C activity, which helps prevent diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic patients are said to be at a high risk of cataract formation, as hyperglycemia leads to tissue disruption and intumescences by osmotic changes (induced via the aldose reductase–mediated polyol pathway). Hence, aldose reductase inhibitors prevent sorbitol accumulation and prevent accelerated cataract formation in diabetics. G sylvestre, P marsupium, S cuminii, T cordifolia, and O sanctum have aldose reductase–inhibitory actions, and thus prevent the acceleration of cataract formation in diabetics. 9. Renoprotective action: Diabetic nephropathy is a frequent consequence of long-standing diabetes mellitus, which may lead to renal failure. Diabecon effectively reduces the risk of diabetic nephropathy. G glabra, A vera, and B diffusa reduce urinary protein excretion in glomerulopathies, and also attenuate progression to end stage renal disease. 10. Antihypercholesterolemic action: Diabecon effectively reduces the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) by modulating the lipid profile through its antihypercholesterolemic property. Diabecon reduces the levels of free fatty acids and renormalizes lipid abnormalities associated with NIDDM. C wightii, G sylvestre, G glabra, C esculenta, S cuminii, T cordifolia, T terrestris, P amarus, A vera, P nigrum, O sanctum, C longa, P marsupium, B diffusa, and Trikatu have potent antihypercholesterolemic activities. M charantia decreases elevated serum levels of cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. 11. Adaptogenic action: Stress is a key factor, which influences the progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications. T cordifolia, A racemosus, and O sanctum have potent adaptogenic actions that help control disease- associated stress. 12. Antioxidant action: Diabecon increases localized superoxide dismutase activity, which prevents oxidative damage (by formation of free radicals) to β-cells in islets of Langerhans, and thereby protects β-cells from destruction. Diabetic endothelial dysfunction is associated with diabetic vasculopathy, and control of oxidative damage is crucial. S chirata, T cordifolia, A vera, Triphala, P nigrum, and O sanctum have potent antioxidant activities, which offer protection from oxidative damage in diabetic vasculopathy. 13. Other beneficial activities: Shilajeet relieves thirst, polyuria and exhaustion, acts as a biocatalyst, and is useful in diabetic albuminuria. T cordifolia, an immunomodulator, enhances immunity and a general sense of well-being.
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