28 • Probe •Vol LXII • No. 4 • Sep–Dec 2023 Oncology Characterization and Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia During Treatment of Childhood Hematologic Malignancies Secondary forms of diabetes are often understudied and underdiagnosed in children and adolescents with cancer. This study analyzed the incidence and risk factors of hyperglycemia in patients with leukemia and lymphoma. The 15-year data of pediatric patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) were collected immediately at cancer diagnosis. The risk factors of hyperglycemia in univariate and multivariate analyses were studied. The study cohort included 267 patients, of which 179 patients had ALL, 48 had NHL, and 40 had HL. Of the 179 patients with ALL, 18% (32) patients developed hyperglycemia, and of the 48 patients with NHL, 8 (17%) patients developed hyperglycemia, with more than 61% developing hyperglycemia within the first month of treatment. No hyperglycemia was observed in patients with HL. The hyperglycemia risk factors in patients with ALL, identified by multivariate analysis, are overweight or obesity (OR, 3.793) and pubertal onset (OR, 4.269) at cancer diagnosis, steroid-resistant disease (OR, 3.445), and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT; OR, 4.754). In this cohort study, 18% of the patients with ALL or NHL developed early-onset hyperglycemia after chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Patients with ALL with an increased hyperglycemia risk can be readily identified by measuring BMI and puberty stage at cancer diagnosis. Also, glucose monitoring should be reinforced when patients show steroid-resistant disease and/or require HSCT. Source: Welsch S, et al. Diabet Med. 2022;39(2):e14720. The Association Between the Risk of Esophageal Cancer and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus A large number of studies have reported the association between the incidence of esophageal cancer (EC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in the past decade. However, those studies’ results on the relationships between T2DM and the incidence of EC are inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between T2DM and the risk of EC (including 2 histological types—esophageal adenocarcinoma [EADC] and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma). A total of 19 articles were extracted through PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library, which included 14,312 cases and 24,959,067 controls. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using STATA. It was observed that there is a significantly positive correlation between T2DM and EC risk (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05–1.57; P = .015). Also, the study showed a positive correlation between T2DM and EADC risk (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05–1.57; P < .001). Further, the subgroup analysis, based on ethnicity, represented that Caucasians are more susceptible to EC (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10–1.49; P = .001). These results offer a recent epidemiological and integrated evidence to ascertain the correlations between T2DM and the incidence of EC. The study results imply that preventing T2DM may help reduce the occurrence of EC. Source: Zhou R, et al. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:8129771. Abstracts From Literature
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