34 • Probe •Vol LXII • No. 3 • May–Aug 2023 Gynecology Abstracts From Literature Associations Between Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Insulin Resistance and Body Composition inWomen With PCOS This study examined the associations of dietary and serum ω-3 fatty acids with insulin resistance (IR) and body composition among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 185 patients with PCOS were included, and dietary information was collected through face-to-face interviews using a 102-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum ω-3 fatty acid levels were measured with the gas chromatography method. Body composition was measured using both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) methods. The results indicated that the dietary intake of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was negatively associated with homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), fat mass, and body fat percentage. For serum biomarkers, higher total ω-3 PUFA levels and long-chain ω-3 PUFA levels, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were also associated with decreased HOMA-IR. In addition, generally, dietary and serum long-chain ω-3 PUFA levels, DPA, and DHA levels were both positively associated with muscle mass measured by DXA; whereas serum total, long-chain, and individual ω-3 PUFA levels were all negatively associated with fat mass and body fat percentage. These findings were further confirmed by the findings for body composition measured by the BIA method. High levels of dietary and serum ω-3 PUFAs, particularly long-chain ω-3 PUFAs, might have beneficial effects on metabolic parameters and body composition among patients with PCOS. Source: Lu L, et al. Front Nutr. 2022;9:1016943. Relationship of Maternal Obesity and Vitamin D Concentrations With Fetal Growth in Early Pregnancy The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the association between first-trimester vitamin D concentrations and increased prepregnancy BMI on early fetal growth restriction (FGR). The study included 15,651 women with singleton pregnancy. They were classified into 2 groups based on their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH D) levels: vitamin D sufficient (SUFF) group and vitamin D insufficient or deficient (INSUFF/DEF). The cutoff point for vitamin D concentration was 50.00 nmol/L. Comparisons were made between women with normal prepregnancy body weight (BMI 18.5–23.9 kg/m2) and overweight and obese (OWO) women (BMI > 24.0 kg/m2). Early FGR was defined as first-trimester gestational age–adjusted crown rump length (CRL) in the lowest 20th centile of the population. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between maternal serum 25(OH)D level and prepregnancy BMI with first-trimester CRL and early FGR. In vitamin D INSUFF/DEF group, the first-trimester CRL was decreased, and the risk of early FGR was increased by 13% compared with the vitamin D SUFF group. In OWO group, the first-trimester CRL was also significantly decreased, and the risk of early FGR was significantly increased by 58% compared with normal weight group. Furthermore, there was a significant combined effect of maternal vitamin D concentrations and OWO on CRL and the risk of early FGR. A sufficient first-trimester serum 25(OH)D concentration was a protective factor for early fetal growth, especially among OWO mothers. Source: Zhang Q, et al. Eur J Nutr. 2022;61(2):915–924.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjAwNDg=