Probe • Vol LXII • No. 3 • May–Aug 2023 • 33 Dentistry Abstracts From Literature Associations Between Salivary Cytokines and Periodontal and Microbiological Parameters Orthodontic treatment can lead to microbial- induced gingival inflammation and aseptic periodontal inflammations. This study investigated the relationship between salivary proinflammatory cytokine level and gingival health status, and oral microbial loads among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. This cross-sectional study included samples of 111 consecutive patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (mean age, 18.4 ± 4.4 y). Clinical examinations were conducted to assess the gingival health status using the modified gingival index, gingival bleeding index, and plaque index. Salivary microbiological assessments of total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count were undertaken. Immunologic assessment of the saliva included interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) ELISA assays. The mean ± standard deviation of salivary IL-1β was 83.52 ± 85.62 pg/mL and MIF was 4.12 ± 0.96 ng/mL. Moderate positive correlations were found between salivary IL-1β levels and total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria count, streptococci count, and lactobacilli count (r = 0.380–0.446; P < .001), and weak positive correlations were observed between salivary MIF levels and total salivary aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts (r = 0.249–0.306; P < .01). A positive correlation was found between salivary IL-1β levels and bleeding index (r = 0.216; P < .05). The level of salivary IL-1β positively correlates with oral bacterial load among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment; the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and oral microflora deserve further study. Source: Chen Y, et al. Med (Baltimore). 2021;100(10):e24924. Interproximal Contact Loss at Implant Sites This study assessed the frequency and quantity of interproximal contact loss (ICL) between implant restorations and adjacent teeth after at least 10 years of follow-up (FU). Thirty-nine patients (median age, 57.3 y) with 80 implants were reexamined at least 10 years after insertion of final restorations (single crowns or fixed dental prostheses [FDPs]). Stone casts were scanned and superimposed for the metric assessment of tooth movements, radiographs, and clinical measurements. Outcome measures at implant sites were as follows: the extent of tooth movement and the frequency of ICL, peri-implant marginal bone levels (MBLs), and clinical measurements (plaque control record [PCR], bleeding on probing [BOP], and probing depth [PD]). Data were analyzed statistically with generalized regression modeling, with robust standard errors to account for within-patient clustering at 5%. ICL for at least 1 contact point after 10 years was observed in 50% of all implants (with open interproximal spaces up to 1.64 mm). Mesial contact points were significantly more prone to ICL than distal ones. The type of restoration had a significant effect on ICL, with FDPs of 2 implants being significantly more prone to mesial ICL than single crowns. ICL was also associated with a significant increase in PD compared with implant sites without ICL. BOP, MBLs, and PCR were not significantly influenced by ICL. ICL was a common finding in 50% of the implant sites and was significantly associated with an increase in PD. Source: Gasser TJW, et al. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2022;33(5):482–491.
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