38 • PERINATOLOGY Vol 24 • No. 1 • May–Aug 2023 Original Article In this study, the incidence of LBW neonates (51.7%) was statistically significant among mothers with severe anemia. Thus, severe anemia was an important risk factor for delivering LBW neonates, while mild-to-moderate anemia was well-tolerated, and the occurrence of LBW neonates among these mothers was not significant. Similar observations were noted by Jagadish et al15—the incidence of LBW neonates was 29% in severely anemic mothers and 20% in mothers without anemia and mild-to-moderate anemia. Yadav16 found the incidence of LBW neonates to be 32.11%, 49.8%, and 69.05% in mothers with mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. In this study, women with PIH delivered a high percentage (nearly 50%) of LBW neonates. In a study by Saeed et al,17 early-onset preeclampsia was shown to increase the incidence of IUGR and placental abruption. In women with antepartum hemorrhage either in the form of placenta previa or abruptio placenta, the incidence of LBW neonates was high in both preterm- and termborn neonates.17 Chandrakant et al18 and Gupta et al19 state that the incidence of LBW neonates is quite common in placenta previa because of preterm labor and chronic placental insufficiency that lead to IUGR. In women with gestational diabetes, macrosomia occurs because of poor glycemic control, with deranged amino acid and lipid levels. There were 9 cases of a preterm onset of labor that led to the birth of preterm neonates, in Saeed et al’s17 study. Lao et al20 state that a significant number of preterm deliveries result from preterm onset of labor with premature rupture of membranes, but the exact predisposing factors that lead to preterm labor remain largely unknown. In this study, it was observed that as the birth weight increased, the placental weight also increased. In a significantly higher proportion of LBW (78.9%) cases, the placental weight was < 400 g compared with that in the case of NBW (30.1%). A small placenta was mostly seen in women with PIH. A small placenta is considered structurally abnormal and functionally impaired, which could be because of infection during pregnancy or before conception, maternal malnutrition and anemia, exposure to tobacco, and low socioeconomic status.18-22 Conclusion Asignificant correlationwasobservedbetweenthebirthof LBW neonates and maternal factors including age (< 20 y), parity, and anemic status; obstetric complications; and placental weight. Thus, we emphasize on the importance of implementing a comprehensive antenatal care program in India for improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. References 1. Achadi EL, et al. Women’s nutritional status, iron consumption and weight gain during pregnancy in relation to neonatal weight and length in West Jawa, Indonesia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1995;48 Suppl:S103–S119. 2. Al-MulhimAA, et al. Pre-eclampsia: maternal risk factors and perinatal outcome. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2003;18(4):275–280. 3. Voldner N, et al. Determinants of birth weight in boys and girls. Hum Ontogenetic. 2009;3(1):7–12. 4. Aiyer RR, Agrawal JR. Observation on the newborn: a study of 10,000 consecutive live births. Indian Pediatr.1969; 6(11):729–742. 5. Allred LS, Batton D. The effect of placental abruption on the short-term outcome of premature infants. Am J Perinatol. 2004;21(3):157–162. 6. Friis CM, et al. Newborn body fat: associations with maternal metabolic state and placental size. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57467. 7. Baumann MU, Deborde S, Illsley NP. Placental glucose transfer and fetal growth. Endocrine. 2002;19(1): 13–22. 8. Sharma A. A comparative study to assess the fetal and placental outcome among anaemic and non-anaemic mothers of selected hospital of district Mohali, Punjab, India. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2017;6(9):2814–2823. 9. Bhimwal RK. A study of various determinates and incidence of low birth weight babies born in Umaid hospital, Jodhpur (Western Rajasthan). Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2017;4(4):1302–1309. 10. Kozuki N, et al; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) Small-for-Gestational-Age-Preterm Birth Working Group. The associations of parity and maternal age with small-for-gestational-age, preterm, and neonatal and infant mortality: A meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(Suppl 3):S2. 11. Khan HS, Khalil S, Akhtar P. Morbidity and mortality pattern of pre-terms. J Islamabad Med Dent Col. 2016:5(1):77–80. 12. Trivedi S, Pasrija S. Teenage pregnancies and their obstetric outcomes. Trop Doc. 2007;37(2):85–88. Mohite RV. Effect of Maternal and Obstetric Factors and Placental Weight on Neonatal Birth Weight
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjAwNDg=