PERINATOLOGY • Vol 24 • No. 1 • May–Aug 2023 • 37 Original Article Mohite RV. Effect of Maternal and Obstetric Factors and Placental Weight on Neonatal Birth Weight however, a higher proportion of LBW neonates (55.5%) was born to mothers who had a short stature. The LBW of neonates was significantly associated with parity (P < .05). Most LBW neonates (69%) were born to primiparous women compared with NWB neonates, and as parity increased, the proportion of LBW neonates declined. Maternal anemia was significantly associated with LBW neonates (P < .05). The proportion of anemic mothers was 35.4%. There was a significant association between LBW neonates and the anemic status of mothers (P < .05). Among the mothers of the 110 neonates, 48.1% had obstetric complications. Of these, 60.3% delivered LBW neonates, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The proportion of mothers with postpartum hemorrhage (28.3%) and bad obstetric history (28.3%) was high, followed by preterm labor (22.6%) (Table 3). Table 3. Correlation Between Obstetric Complications and Neonatal Birth Weight Obstetric Complications Total, n (%) LBW Neonates, n (%) NBW Neonates, n (%) Χ2; P Value Postpartum Hemorrhage 15 (28.3) 10 (66.6) 5 (33.3) 7.2; .01a Antepartum Hemorrhage 8 (15) 6 (75) 2 (25) Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 3 (5.6) 0 3 (100) Preterm Labor 12 (22.6) 7 (58.3) 5 (41.6) Bad Obstetric History 15 (28.3) 9 (60) 6 (40) aP value is statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. LBW, low birth weight; NBW, normal birth weight. The LBW of neonates was significantly associated with the placental weight (P < .05) (Table 4). The placental weight was low in 55.4% of the neonates. As the placental weight increased, the chances of the neonates having NBW also increased. Discussion The incidence of LBW in this study was 51.7%. The high proportion of LBW was mainly due to the cases with obstetric complications referred from peripheral hospitals. Bhimwal9 states that 30% to 40% of the neonates in India are born with LBW compared with that in western countries (6.16%–38%). In a meta-analysis by Kozuki et al,10 the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth were 9% and 6.3%, respectively. In a study by Khan et al,11 in the LBW group, 56% neonates were born preterm. In this study, the incidence of LBW neonates was significantly high—71.5% in mothers younger than 20 years and 40.9% in mothers aged 21 to 30 years. In a study by Trivedi et al,12 the incidence of LBW neonates among mothers in the age group up to 20 years was 13.9%, and the incidence decreased to 3.6% among mothers aged 21 to 25 years. The findings of our study are similar to the findings from Trivedi et al’s12 study. Trivedi et al’s12 study also mentions that the physical indices of the neonates born to mothers aged ≤ 20 years were lower compared with those born to mothers aged ≥ 21 years.12 Similar findings are reported by Pradhan et al13 among the older primigravidas; the incidence of preterm births was 14.3%. In this study, there was no statistically significant correlation between maternal height and LBW of neonates, as the nutritional status of these mothers was maintained. A study by Camilleri14 in Maltese women concludes that women ≤ 5 ft in height are at a risk of delivering LBW neonates and are known to have a bad obstetric history. In our study, the association between LBW and primiparity was statistically significant compared with that of multiparity. Table 4. Correlation Between Placental Weight and Neonatal Birth Weight Placental Weight, g Total LBW Newborn NBW Newborn Χ2; P Value 251–300, Extremely Low 9 (8.18) 9 (100) 0 29.3; .0001a 300–350, Very Low 24 (21.8) 17 (70.8) 7 (29.1) 351–400, Low 28 (25.4) 19 (67.8) 9 (32.1) > 400, Normal 49 (44.5) 12 (24.4) 37 (75.5) aP value is statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. LBW, low birth weight; NBW, normal birth weight.
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