Volume 19 I ssue 2 May–Aug 2023 FOR THE DOCTORS OF TOMORROW A Publication of Himalaya Wellness Company Scan this QR code to take the Himalaya Infoline End-to-End Quiz and win prizes! Scan to read the e-version of Himalaya Infoline
CONTENTS Transitional Curriculum for the First-Year BAMS Students Liv.52 Syrup and Tablet in the Management of Hepatitis A Platelet-Augmentation, Antidengue, and Antiviral Properties of Platenza Syrup and Tablet The Importance of Micronutrients in Children’s Growth and Development Management of Impaired Glucose Tolerance With Gymnema sylvestre Multitalented Ayurvedic Doctors 10 11 13 14 23 24 Distribution of Jivaka and Ayurvisharada Awards and Graduate Starter Kits in Ayurvedic Colleges Across India A Candid Chat With Dr Mansvi Chandrashekhar Patil: The 2022 Himalaya Gold Medalist From MUHS The Late Colonel Dr RamNath Chopra: The Father of Indian Pharmacology Himalaya Infoline Photo Contest #6: AReport 2 8 16 20 See page 28 for WINNERS of Vol 19 | Issue 1 Jan–Apr 2023 Himalaya Infoline EndtoEnd Quiz Copyright © 2023 Himalaya Wellness Company All content in this journal/publication is the property of Himalaya Wellness Company and is protected by Indian and international copyright laws. Any other use, including the reproduction, modification, distribution, transmission, republication, display or performance, of the content in this journal/publication, without written permission from the owner, is strictly prohibited. For permission to reproduce articles/information published in this journal/publication, please write to publications@himalayawellness.com Photo Contest #6 Himalaya Infoline
EDITORIAL The first prize winner of Himalaya Infoline Photo Contest #6 is Dr Mrunali Shyam Shegaonkar and group from Government Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra. In the picture are Dr Mrunali Shyam Shegaonkar, Dr Shraddha Atkar, Dr Reenu Sahani, Dr Pooja Chavan, Dr Pragati Bachikwar, Dr Krutika Chaudhary, Dr Aparna Wanare, and Dr Diksha Kapgate. The group captioned their photograph as: Let’s cherish moments together with Himalaya Infoline! On this issue’s cover Subscribe to Himalaya Infoline for Free! Please scan the QR code or visit the link below to avail a free subscription to Himalaya Infoline. https://tinyurl.com/HimalayaInfolineSubscription Or Dear Student, With much joy, we share with you that this year some of Himalaya’s brands have achieved remarkable milestones—Bonnisan completes 50 years, and Evecare, Confido, and OphthaCare complete 25 years in their journey of bestowing wellness. Integrative medicine is paramount for holistic health and well-being. Integrating the traditional medicine systems into our mainstream health care system is the need of the hour. To harness the enormous potential of multidisciplinary care, the Ministry of Ayush has initiated the setting up of integrative medicine centers at all government medical facilities in India. Establishing the Center for Integrative Medicine and Research by AIIMS, New Delhi, was another ground-breaking initiative in this regard, providing an excellent platform for experts from various disciplines of contemporary and traditional medicine to come together for treatment and preventive health care. To scale up these efforts and many such initiatives, the Ayush Ministry and the National Ayush Mission have received a major boost in the 2023 union budget allocation. More such interesting updates are covered in this issue of Himalaya Infoline. We received a heartening response to the recently rolled out Himalaya Infoline Photo Contest #6. Do participate in the upcoming contests, with the same spirit. Also, the 5th edition of Ayurwhiz (a nation-level quiz competition) has kick-started. We encourage you to make good use of this platform to broaden your horizon of knowledge. Stay tuned for further updates on Ayurwhiz-5. Wishing you the very best! Dr Rangesh Paramesh Director – Intellectual Property Himalaya Wellness Company Dr Rangesh Paramesh is an eminent Ayurvedic scholar who began his career as a teacher in the field of Ayurvedic pharmacology and pharmaceutics. He has provided research guidance to many postgraduates for 15 years. He has been associated with Himalaya for over two decades. Dr Rangesh provides Ayurveda medical consultation for noncommunicable diseases and lifestyle disorders. Dr Rangesh has published numerous research articles in both national and international journals. He has conducted periodic seminars on Ayurveda, in several countries, for physicians of western medicine. He has also served as an Ayurveda consultant in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and the UK. He has written several books and coauthored five chapters in the book Scientific Basis for Ayurvedic Therapies. He has been honored with various prestigious awards and accolades for his contributions to the field of Ayurveda. Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 1
ON Distribution of Jivaka and Ayurvisharada Awards and Graduate Starter Kits in Ayurvedic Colleges Across India MSM Institute of Ayurveda, Haryana Himalaya’s Ayurvedic Medical College (AMC) Connect team conducted the Jivaka and Ayurvisharada Award distribution (JAAD) program at the MSM Institute of Ayurveda on January 28, 2023. From the 2020 batch, Dr Anupma received the Jivaka award, and Dr Santvana received the Ayurvisharada award. From the 2021 batch, Dr Shubhi Sharma received the Jivaka award, and Dr Sukhpreet Kaur received the Ayurvisharada award. Dr Mahesh Kumar Dadhich (Principal), Dr AP Nayak (Faculty, Department of Kayachikitsa), and other faculty members and students were present at the event. On the occasion, Himalaya’s graduate starter kits were also distributed to the interns by Dr Mahesh and other faculty members. The Jivaka and Ayurvisharada Award Winners With Faculty Members and Team Himalaya Dr Anupma (2020 Batch)With the Jivaka Award and Dr Sukhpreet Kaur (2021 Batch)With the Ayurvisharada Award Inputs from: Dr Chandra Prakash Shukla, Senior Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Uttaranchal Ayurvedic College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand The AMC Connect team conducted the JAAD event at Uttaranchal Ayurvedic College on January 24, 2023. Dr Madhukar Shevale (Vice Principal) presented the Jivaka award to Dr Diksha Lohani, and the Ayurvisharada award to Dr Primanshi and Dr Abhilasha Fuloriya. Inputs from: Dr Abhishek Kumar, Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Dr Abhilasha Fuloriya, Dr Primanshi, and Dr Diksha Lohani With the Awards 2 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
CAMPUS... Uttarakhand Ayurved University - Gurukul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand The AMC Connect team conducted the JAAD event at the Uttarakhand Ayurved University (UAU) on January 23, 2023. Many students and faculty members were present at the event. Dr Arundhati Sharma received the Jivaka award, and Dr Jainab received the Ayurvisharada award. The awards were presented by Dr Pankaj Sharma (Campus Director, UAU - Gurukul Campus). Inputs from: Dr Abhishek Kumar, Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Dr Arundhati Sharma and Dr Jainab With the Awards Dr Swathy CR Receiving the Jivaka Award Dr Jamsheena AM Receiving the Ayurvisharada Award The Awardees With the College Faculty and Team Himalaya Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College, Thrissur, Kerala A JAAD programwas organized at the Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College on January 18, 2023. Dr VN Prasanna (Vice Principal) delivered the welcome speech at the event. Dr Swathy CR received the Jivaka award, and Dr Jamsheena AM received the Ayurvisharada award, from the Principal Dr KK Latha. Additionally, the AMC Connect team conducted a quiz program to engage the audience. Government Ayurved College, Nagpur, Maharashtra The AMC Connect team conducted the JAAD event at Government Ayurved College on January 10, 2023. Dr Ketkee Nirmal (Assistant Professor) delivered the welcome speech at the event. Dr Milind N Suryawanshi (Assistant Director, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Nagpur), Dr Subhash Raut (Dean), Dr Rajendra Lambat (Professor, Department of Agada Tantra), and other faculty members and students were present at the event. From the 2019 batch, Dr Radha Janrao Rewatkar received the Jivaka award, and Dr Mugdha Shubhang Gore received the Ayurvisharada award. From the 2021 batch, Dr Radha Vishavanath Raut received the Jivaka award, and Dr Aishwarya Siddhling Ople received the Ayurvisharada award. From the 2021 winter Inputs from: Dr Usini Mubarak, Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company The Awardees With the College Faculty and Team Himalaya Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 3
ON batch, Dr Vaishnavi Deepak Raghorte received the Jivaka award, and Dr Pragati Ashok Doye received the Ayurvisharada award. On the same occasion, graduate starter kits were also distributed to the interns. Inputs from: Dr Chandra Prakash Shukla, Senior Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Chaudhary Devi Lal College of Ayurveda, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana The AMC Connect team conducted the JAAD and graduate starter kit distribution programs at Chaudhary Devi Lal College of Ayurveda on December 15, 2022. Many students and faculty members attended the event. Dr Samta Hamre received the Jivaka award, and Dr Kirti Mehta received the Ayurvisharada award. The principal, Dr Basant Kumar, presented the awards to the winners. At the same event, graduate starter kits were distributed to the interns. Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh The AMC Connect team conducted the JAAD program at Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital on December 16, 2022. The principal, Dr Neelam Gupta, delivered the welcome speech. Dr Diksha Jain and Dr Antima Pandey received the Jivaka award, and Dr Jyoti Singh and Dr Rajeev Kumar received the Ayurvisharada award. A quiz contest was also conducted during the event, and spot prizes were given to the winners. More than 100 students and faculty members participated in the event. Inputs from: Dr Himanshu Chouhan, Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Dr Samta Hamre and Dr Kirti MehtaWith the Jivaka and Ayurvisharada Awards, Respectively Dr Kirti Mehta Receiving a Photo of Lord Dhanvantari From Dr Basant Kumar Dr Samta Hamre Receiving the Graduate Starter Kit From Dr Basant Kumar Inputs from: Dr Chandra Prakash Shukla, Senior Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Jivaka and Ayurvisharada Awardees 4 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
CAMPUS... State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Himalaya’s AMC Connect team conducted the JAAD program at State Ayurvedic College and Hospital on December 12, 2022. Dr Kanchan Gupta (Professor and Head, Department of Stree Roga Evam Prasuti Tantra), the guest speaker, delivered the introductory speech. Dr Vineeta Yadav received the Jivaka award, and Dr Shweta Yadav received the Ayurvisharada award from Dr Kanchan Gupta. On the same occasion, graduate starter kits were also distributed to the interns. A quiz competition was held, and on-spot prizes were given to the winners. Inputs from: Dr Himanshu Chouhan, Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Vaidya Yagya Dutt Sharma Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Khurja, Uttar Pradesh The AMC Connect team conducted the JAAD program at Vaidya Yagya Dutt Sharma Ayurved Mahavidyalaya on November 22, 2022. Dr Anjali Singh received the Jivaka award, and Dr Pooja Biswas received the Ayurvisharada award from the college director, Dr Gopal Dutt Sharma, and the principal, Dr OP Tiwari. Inputs from: Dr Abhishek Kumar, Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Dr Anjali Singh Receiving the Jivaka Award Along With a Lord Dhanvantari Photo From Dr Gopal Dutt Sharma Dr Pooja Biswas Receiving the Ayurvisharada Award Along With a Lord Dhanvantari Photo From Dr Gopal Dutt Sharma and Dr OP Tiwari Shri OH Nazar Ayurved College, Surat, Gujarat Dr Hitali Dholariya Receiving the Ayurvisharada Award Dr Sonal Bhakhar Receiving the Jivaka Award Inputs from: Dr Sameer Chauhan, Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company The Awardees With the College Faculty and Team Himalaya The AMC Connect team conducted the JAAD program and celebrated Ayurveda Day at Shri OH Nazar Ayurved College on October 22, 2022. Ms Hemangini Boghawala (Mayor, Surat) was the chief guest at the event. Dr Kirti Patel, Principal, presented the Jivaka and Ayurvisharada awards to Dr Sonal Bhakhar and Dr Hitali Dholariya, respectively. Also, all the Ayurvedic doctors who were invited to the event and the faculty members received a photo of Lord Dhanvantari. Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 5
Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, New Delhi, Delhi On the occasion of Ayurveda Day, a JAAD programwas organized by the AMC Connect team at Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College on October 18, 2022. Dr Priya Tyagi received the Jivaka award, and Dr Safia Choudhary received the Ayurvisharada award. Dr Mohd Zubair (Principal), Dr RK Manchanda (Director, Ayush), and Dr Yogita Munjal (Additional Director, Department of Ayush, New Delhi) presented the awards to the winners. Dr Priya Tyagi Receiving the Jivaka Award From Dr Mohd Zubair, Dr RK Manchanda, and Dr Yogita Munjal Dr Safia Choudhary Receiving the Ayurvisharada Award FromDr Mohd Zubair, Dr RK Manchanda, and Dr Yogita Munjal Dr Safia Choudhary and Dr Priya Tyagi with the Ayurvisharada and Jivaka Awards, Respectively Inputs from: Dr Chandra Prakash Shukla, Senior Manager - Scientific Services, Himalaya Wellness Company Parul Institute of Ayurved, Vadodara, Gujarat The AMC Connect team conducted a JAAD program at the Parul Institute of Ayurved on October 1, 2022. Dr Shreyali Sharma received the Jivaka award, and Dr Pratik Thummar received the Ayurvisharada award. A valedictory ceremony was also conducted during the event. Inputs from: Dr Sameer Chauhan, Manager - Scientific Services, Himalaya Wellness Company The Awardees With Team Himalaya ON The much-awaited 5th season of the national-level quiz competition is here! For more details, visit the AMC connect app. Are you ready for the challenge ? Coming soon to your college! 6 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
Fun Activities in Ayurvedic Colleges Display of Himalaya's Scientific Publications at the Stall Students Participating in Fun Activities at a Himalaya Stall The Students Picking Up Chits at the Himalaya Stall During Answer a Question Challenge CAMPUS... The AMC Connect team conducted fun activities in various Ayurvedic colleges across India. Himalaya stalls were set up in the premises of colleges, as part of important events, and various engaging activities were held. Stall activities are primarily conducted to engage and entertain the budding doctors through knowledge-enriching fun games and challenges. During the event, the delegates, Ayurvedic practitioners, faculty members, and students are briefed about Himalaya's products and scientific publications. Nangelil Ayurveda Medical College, Ernakulam, Kerala On the occasion of Saadhana-4, a national-level seminar, organized at Nangelil Ayurveda Medical College, the AMC Connect team conducted a stall activity from January 5 to 7, 2023. A quiz program called Answer a Question Challenge was conducted, and on-spot prizes were given to the winners. The students and faculty members also received copies of Himalaya's Scientific Publications. Government Ayurveda Medical College, Kannur, Kerala A Convocation Ceremony of the 2022 outgoing batch was held at Government Ayurveda Medical College on November 29, 2022. Many intercollegiate activities were conducted on November 28, 2022. On this occasion, a stall activity was conducted by the AMC Connect team. A quiz program called Answer a Question Challenge was conducted, and on-spot prizes were given to the winners. Inputs from: Dr Usini Mubarak, Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 7
Himalaya’s AMC Connect team conducted the sixth edition of Himalaya Infoline Photo Contest (HIPC #6) for Ayurvedic students. The two themes for this season were “Pose with Himalaya Infoline magazine” and “Pose with flowers”. The contest was live on the AMC Connect App from February 20, 2023, to March 4, 2023. There was an overwhelming response from students across India. We wholeheartedly thank the students who took out time from their busy schedule to participate in the contest. Here are the much-awaited results. First Prize Second Prize Third Prize Dr Mrunali Shyam Shegaonkar and Group Government Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra Dr Ritvika Kheria and Group Shekhawati Ayurved College, Pilani, Rajasthan Dr Deepa G and Group SDM College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka Photo Contest #6 Himalaya Infoline 8 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
Dr Vishnu Sreenivas and Group Government Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Consolation Prizes Early Bird Prize Dr Vishesh Dwivedi and Group Government Ashtang Ayurved College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh Dr Vibha Nirgude and Group Pt. Khushilal Sharma Ayurvedic Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Dr Sushmitha Bekal and Group Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka Dr Harshitha TR and Group Sri Kalabyraveshwara Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka Congratulations! Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 9
PRODUCT INFOLINE Antipyretic and Hepatoprotective Activities Platelet-Augmentation Activity C papaya increases platelet production and exhibits membrane-stabilizing activity by decreasing peripheral platelet destruction. C papaya possesses antiviral activity; the herb decreases the intracellular dengue virus (DENV) load and prevents thrombocytopenia. P maderaspatensis and T cordifolia also possess potent antiviral activity. Erandakarkati Latin name: Carica papaya English name: Papaya Bhudhatri Latin name: Phyllanthus maderaspatensis English name: Madras Leaf-Flower Guduchi Latin name: Tinospora cordifolia English name: Tinospora Gulancha Antidengue and Antiviral Activities • Mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia due to - dengue - malaria and typhoid - viral infections such as hepatitis B and C; H1N1; HIV; and MMR • Drug-induced thrombocytopenia Platenza is a phytopharmaceutical formulation recommended in the treatment of mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia associated with dengue and other clinical conditions including malaria; typhoid; viral infections such as hepatitis B and C, H1N1, HIV, and MMR; and drug-induced thrombocytopenia. Platenza® (SYRUP, TABLET) Carica papaya complex with bioenhancer for low platelet count Indications T cordifolia is known to strengthen the host immune system and also for its antipyretic activity. Piper nigrum also possesses antipyretic activity. P maderaspatensis has been proven to possess significant hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Its hydroxyl radical–scavenging and lipid peroxidation activities help normalize the levels of serum hepatic enzymes. T cordifolia exhibits significant hepatoprotection through its antioxidant and antifibrotic activities. 10 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
Latin name: Gymnema sylvestre English name: Gymnema Meshashringi Tear along the perforation and create your personal herb album Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 11
HERB INFOLINE Ingredient of G sylvestre leaves are rich in gymnemic acids, gymnemasaponins, gymnemasides, flavones, anthraquinones, and stigmasterol, and exhibit potent antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties.1 A study demonstrates the insulin-sensitizing activity of G sylvestre leaves in male albino Wistar rats. The control and dexamethasone groups received gum acacia orally; the test groups received aqueous extract of G sylvestre leaves (2 and 4 g/kg/po); and the standard drug group received rosiglitazone (8 mg/kg/po), for 12 days. Insulin resistance was induced with dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection from days 7 to 12 in all the groups except in the control group. Serum glucose, insulin level, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance were evaluated. The results show that pretreatment with G sylvestre aqueous extract significantly prevented glucose intolerance and improved insulin sensitivity.2 Another study evaluated the hypoglycemic activity of G sylvestre leaves in type 2 diabetes–induced Albino rats. Diabetes was induced using streptozocin (60 mg/kg body weight). The nondiabetic control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg/d). The treatment groups simultaneously received streptozocin and methanolic extract of G sylvestre leaves (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight), respectively, and the standard group simultaneously received streptozocin and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight). All the rat groups were fed glucose (5 g/kg) in distilled water, after 30 minutes of their respective treatments. The treatments were continued for 30 days, and the blood glucose levels were measured at regular intervals. The study findings confirm that the diabetic rats treated with the methanolic extract of G sylvestre leaves showed a significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner.3 References 1. Kanetkar P, et al. J Clin BiochemNutr. 2007;41(2):77–81. 2. Nayak IMN, et al. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2017;7:18–22. 3. Ahmed SK, et al. J Med Sci Clin Res. 2017;5(12):31753–31760. Pharmacology Gymnema sylvestre is a perennial, large, woody climber. The leaves are elliptic or ovate and oppositely arranged. The flowers are small, yellow, umbellate cymes. G sylvestre is native to central and western India, tropical Africa, and Australia.1 Morphology • Himalaya Meshashringi • Diabecon (Tablet, DS Tablet) 12 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
SPECIAL FEATURE The Importance of Micronutrients in Children’s Growth and Development Insufficient dietary intake and poor absorption of nutrients due to infection, inflammation, and chronic diseases lead to micronutrient deficiencies.2 Micronutrient Deficiencies Micronutrient deficiencies, also referred to as hidden hunger, in children can negatively affect health by impairing growth, immune functions, and cognitive functions.4 Some of the most common micronutrients that children are deficient in are iron, folate, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies.5 Iron deficiency Iron is essential for motor and cognitive development in children. Iron also supports the immune system functions. Lowered concentration of iron in the brain causes behavioral symptoms such as irritability, apathy, reduced concentration ability, and other cognitive deficits.6,7 Iron deficiency may impair immune system functions due to alterations in the levels of interleukins and cytokines. Respiratory tract infections occur more frequently in children with iron deficiency.8 Folate deficiency Folate is essential for optimum growth and the metabolism of homocysteine (essential for cell homeostasis). Folate deficiency in infants and children can result in cognitive impairment, megaloblastic anemia, mouth ulcers, diarrhea, and impaired growth. Other possible conditions include microcephaly, developmental delay, epilepsy, blindness, and cerebellar ataxia.6,9,10 Iodine deficiency Iodine deficiency is a major and preventable cause of mental retardation in children. An iodine-deficient diet leads to disorders such as goiter, hypothyroidism, and cretinism, which are associated with speech and hearing impairments, retarded psychomotor development, and reduced energy levels in children.11 Vitamin A deficiency Vitamin A facilitates cell differentiation and controls apoptosis. It is also important for optimal growth, immune functions, and vision. A low intake of vitamin A can increase the risk of night blindness, conjunctival lesions, xerophthalmia, and keratomalacia. Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of measles, malaria, and diarrhea in children.6,8 Zinc deficiency Zinc is important for growth and for the functioning of the immune and gastrointestinal systems.6 Zinc deficiency increases the risk of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria.12 Zinc deficiency also causes growth retardation, Continued on page 15... Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals that the body needs in small amounts for normal cellular and molecular functions.1,2 Micronutrients are vital dietary components that enable the body to produce enzymes, hormones, and other substances essential for optimum growth and development.1 Vitamins are organic micronutrients, and are classified as water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins include vitamins B and C, and fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K. Minerals are inorganic micronutrients classified as macrominerals and microminerals. Some of the key macrominerals (required in amounts > 100 mg/d) include calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Some of the key microminerals (required in amounts < 100 mg/d) include iron, copper, zinc, selenium, and iodine.3 ® Quick start nutrition for active, strong, and smart kids Quista kidz is a scientifically researched nutritional supplement, specially formulated for children aged 2 to 10 years, to help bridge the nutritional gaps and support their overall development and well-being. Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 13
CAREER INFOLINE Transitional Curriculum for First-Year BAMS Students Indian culture gives importance to every event of life. The classical texts of Ayurveda mention Shodasha Samskara or 16 rituals, one among which is Shishyopanayanam. Shishyopanayanam is a ritual that is performed when a child begins a formal course of study. As part of the Shishyopanayanam, a ceremony is organized to introduce the child to the various branches of knowledge that will be taught at the Gurukula (an ancient system of residential schooling), following which the child is formally admitted to the Gurukula. On these lines, the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM), on behalf of the Ministry of Ayush (New Delhi), recently introduced a 15 days or 90 hours of transitional curriculum (TC) for first-year BAMS students. What is Transitional Curriculum? The BAMS curriculum comprises unique subjects and terminologies. Students who enroll into this course come from diverse educational backgrounds. The TC is designed to help students get acquainted with various aspects of the BAMS course such as the curriculum and subjects, the scope of Ayurveda in India and at the global level, regulatory and governing bodies, and the Sanskrit language. The students are also taken on a campus tour to create awareness about various facilities available in their institution’s campus and are briefly introduced to the institution's staff and their responsibilities. They receive soft skill training that inducts them about goal setting and leadership skills. They are also taught to converse in Sanskrit. Overall, the TC prepares the students for a productive learning experience throughout the BAMS course. What is the Significance of Transitional Curriculum? Today, Ayurveda has garnered attention for its principles of curing diseases through a holistic approach and maintaining good health. It is important that students from diverse educational backgrounds understand the significance of Ayurveda right at the beginning of the BAMS course, so that they will be able to shape their career appropriately. The TC sheds light on the scope and market size of the Ayush industry, knowledge of which is essential in the current era of entrepreneurship and start-ups. According to the Global Ayush Investment and Innovation Summit 2022, the market size of the Ayush sector has grown by 17% per annum from 2014 to 2020, which is almost 3 times that of India’s GDP. Ayush services, including preventive, curative, and promotive health services Dr Sameer Addressing the Students at Aarihant Ayurvedic College (Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India) 14 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
diarrhea, skin lesions, loss of appetite, and diminished antioxidant defense in infants and toddlers.6 Lack of zinc intake affects immune system functions by disrupting cytokine synthesis and impairing NK-cell and T-cell activities and antibody response.8 Adequate intake of micronutrients is important for optimum growth and overall development in children; it also helps boost immune functions, enhances resistance against infections, and promotes quick recovery from infections.8 References 1. World Health Organization. Micronutrients. https://www.who.int/health-topics/. Accessed March 16, 2023. 2. Tam E, et al. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):289. ... continued from page 13 (The Importance of Micronutrients in Children’s Growth and Development) provided at hospitals, clinics, and well-being retreats, cater to the global population and are projected to reach USD 23 billion in FY 2023. The TC helps students identify their interests, set objectives, head in the direction of their vision, and establish their careers in this fast-growing industry. Himalaya’s Role in Shaping Students’ Career in Ayurveda Himalaya Wellness Company, a pioneer in herbal pharmaceuticals, has been serving humanity through its revolutionary proprietary formulations. Himalaya conducts several programs under the Ayurvedic Medical College (AMC) Connect initiative, which help bridge the gap between the Ayurveda fraternity and the pharmaceutical industry. The AMC Connect team has supported colleges in delivering the TC by conducting sessions for the students on Scope in the Pharma Industry After Graduation/Postgraduation in Ayurveda. In this regard, Dr Sameer Chauhan (Manager - Scientific Services, Himalaya Wellness Company) delivered lectures in 9 colleges across Gujarat (India) and addressed more than 600 students. Dr Sameer With Students Who Attended the Session on TC in GJ Patel Ayurveda College and Research Center (Anand, Gujarat, India) The TC Session With Quiz at KJ Institute of Ayurveda and Research (Vadodara, Gujarat, India) The TC Session at Parul Institute of Ayurved (Vadodara, Gujarat, India) 3. Morris AL, Mohiuddin SS. Biochemistry, Nutrients. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2022. 4. Bird JK, et al. Nutrients. 2017;9(7):655. 5. Bailey RL, et al. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(Suppl 2):22–33. 6. Savarino G, et al. Ital J Pediatr. 2021;47(1):109. 7. Arcanjo FPN, et al. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016: 7357136. 8. Mason P, Jenkins G. Nutr Food Technol Open Access. 2021;8(1). 9. Tinelli C, et al. Front Nutr. 2019;6:49. 10. Obeagu EI, et al. Int J Curr Res Med Sci. 2021;7(5):17–24. 11. National Health Portal, India. Healthy nutrition and nutritional disorders. https://www.nhp.gov.in/healthlyliving/healthy-nutrition. Updated May 1, 2019. Accessed March 16, 2023. 12. Harvard T. H. Chan. The nutrition source: Zinc. https://www.hsph.harvard. edu/. Reviewed March 2023. Accessed March 16, 2023. Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 15
LEGENDS OF AYURVEDA The Late Colonel Dr Ram Nath Chopra (1882–1973) The Father of Indian Pharmacology Brevet Colonel RamNath Chopra is considered a doyen of Indian medical sciences. Colonel RN Chopra was a pioneer in the field of experimental pharmacology of indigenous drugs in India. He has tirelessly served to build an institution of pharmacology in India within a short span of 20 years using traditional descriptive MateriaMedica. Early Life Colonel RNChopra was born on August 17, 1882, in Gujranwala (Punjab, India). His father, Raghu Nath Chopra, was an Indian government official. RNChopra completed schooling and college in Lahore (Pakistan) with a brilliant academic record. In early 1903, he was sent overseas to Downing College, University of Cambridge (United Kingdom) for further studies. Academic Journey In 1905, RN Chopra qualified for a Bachelor’s Degree in Natural Sciences in the University of Cambridge. In 1907, he was introduced to experimental pharmacology by Dr Walter E Dixon—a keen experimental pharmacologist and the first professor of pharmacology in the University of Cambridge. Eventually, Dr Dixon encouraged RN Chopra to perform independent experiments in pharmacology. Further, RN Chopra continued to study medicine at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital (London) and successfully cleared the Indian Medical Service (IMS) examination in 1908. He also obtained the Bachelor of Medicine (Cambridge) and Doctor of Medicine (Cambridge) degrees, including the membership of the Royal College of Physicians (London). Career and Contributions RN Chopra returned to India in 1909 to begin his medical service career. During the First World War, he was called to serve on the East African front, and as the Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services during the Afghan War in 1919. In August 1921, RN Chopra joined the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine to fulfil his academic pursuits in pharmacology. He pioneered a paradigm of research in studying the actions of medicinal plants, which influenced an entire generation of pharmacologists, pharmacists, and physiologists in India. He was also the first professor to hold lectures and demonstrations in pharmacology for the undergraduate and postgraduate students at the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine. The two decades of Professor RN Chopra’s career were spent in Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, which became the most significant period of his career. He also served as the Director of the school for seven years and established the Center of Study and Research in Pharmacology in the school. In 1930, RN Chopra headed the Drugs Enquiry Committee and contributed significantly to the development of pharmaceutical industry in India. The committee made several important recommendations such as enabling central legislation to control drugs and pharmacy; the drugs act; and the pharmacy act. In 1955, he compiled the first Indian pharmacopoeia comprising many indigenous drugs he studied at the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine. These recommendations brought focus on the consolidation of the Indian Systems of Medicine, and greatly influenced the much-needed pharmaceutical developments in India. Photo courtesy: Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR, Jammu 16 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
Share your feedback and win gifts! RN Chopra provided a strong scientific foothold for Ayurveda and other indigenous systems of medicine by carrying out various scientific studies on drugs mentioned in these systems. He also collaborated with experts from allied disciplines such as chemists and botanists to make Indian pharmacology a self-sufficient system. His publication Indigenous Drugs of India still remains an important source for research. With the help of his associates, he also authored Glossary of Medicinal Plants and Poisonous Plants of India. One of his better-known works was his study on Rauwolfia serpentina. In 1946, the Government of India created the Chopra Committee, with RN Chopra as its chairperson, to discuss Ayurveda and Unani research. The Chopra Committee recommended “harmonizing” western and indigenous systems of medicine. After superannuation from the Calcutta School, he returned to Jammu and Kashmir where he served as the Director of Medical Services and Research Center. He was also the Director of the Drug Research Laboratory in the same center. Ranks and Recognitions In 1921, RN Chopra was awarded the rank of a Major in the IMS and was promoted as the Lieutenant Colonel in 1927. In 1933, he was elected as a fellow of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. He also received Barclay Medal of the Asiatic Society. In 1934, his work in the Drugs Enquiry Committee was recognized in the new year honors list and was conferred the Knighthood Award in 1941. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/himalaya-infoline-feedback Tell Us What You Think About Himalaya Infoline OR Scan the QR code below or visit the link to share your feedback! Colonel RN Chopra Seated (Center) With the Drugs Enquiry Committee Photo courtesy: Br Colon Drug. 1931;84:148. He was elected as the President of the National Institute of Sciences. The School and the University of Calcutta awarded RN Chopra with the Minto Medal, Mouatt Medal, and Coatos Medal. Brevet Colonel Chopra was also awarded honorary memberships of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, and as a corresponding member of the Belgian Society of Tropical Medicine. In 1948, Colonel Chopra became the General President of the Indian Science Congress. Indian Pharmaceutical Association elected Colonel Chopra as an honorary member and conferred him the Dr ER Squibb Award for his outstanding contributions. Thus, Colonel RN Chopra’s remarkable foresight helped in the development of Indian pharmacology. Colonel RN Chopra’s unflinching dedication resulted in tremendous developments in ethical drug manufacturing and the growth of the pharmaceutical industry in India. Colonel RN Chopra passed away on June 13, 1973, at his home in Srinagar, Kashmir. Himalaya pays tribute to this legend. Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 17
THE ELITE CLUBS Jivaka Every year, Himalaya Wellness Company honors the college final-year BAMS first-rank holder with the Jivaka Award. The Jivaka Award comprises a certificate and a check for INR 15,000. award Dr Shravani Uday Mahajan Seth Govindji Raoji Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Solapur, Maharashtra Dr Surbhi Jain Shri Narayan Prasad Awasthi Government Ayurvedic College Raipur, Chhattisgarh Dr Aishwarya S Malligere Bapuji Ayurvedic Medical College Shimoga, Karnataka I am grateful to Himalaya Wellness Company for this appreciation. I am glad to receive this award and would always love to be associated with Himalaya. Dr Tasmita Das Government Ayurvedic College Guwahati, Assam Dr Shivali Thakur Guru Nanak Ayurvedic Medical College Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab Dr Meghana Manikchand Gandhi Seth Govindji Raoji Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Solapur, Maharashtra Dr Anju Kuldeep Murari Lal Rasiwasia Ayurvedic College Charkhi Dadri, Haryana Dr Bhakhar Sonal Maganbhai Shri OH Nazar Ayurved College Surat, Gujarat Dr Priya Tyagi Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College New Delhi, Delhi Dr Aakanksha Jaiswal Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 18 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
Ayurvisharada Every year, Himalaya Wellness Company honors the college final-year BAMS second-rank holder with the Ayurvisharada Award. The Ayurvisharada Award comprises a certificate and a check for INR 10,000. award Dr Ujala Sehgal Guru Nanak Ayurvedic Medical College Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab Dr Poonam Shahajirao Nagtilak Seth Govindji Raoji Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Solapur, Maharashtra Himalaya Wellness Company is a well-known Ayurvedic proprietary medicines manufacturing company. The company has been dedicated to working toward the health and well-being of society for many years. Himalaya’s approach toward Ayurveda students is really encouraging, as they appreciate the toppers of all colleges in India. I am truly grateful to Himalaya for honoring me. Dr Mayur Goyal Murari Lal Rasiwasia Ayurvedic College Charkhi Dadri, Haryana Dr Tahrim Nisar Ahmed Sagri Seth Govindji Raoji Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Solapur, Maharashtra Dr Astha Sharma Shri Narayan Prasad Awasthi Government Ayurvedic College Raipur, Chhattisgarh Dr Vidya Veeraraj Shetty Bapuji Ayurvedic Medical College Shimoga, Karnataka Dr Hitaliben Kishorbhai Dholariya Shri OH Nazar Ayurved College Surat, Gujarat Dr Safia Choudhary Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College New Delhi, Delhi Dr Mustafizur Rahman Government Ayurvedic College Guwahati, Assam Dr Kiran Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Inputs from: Mr Juned Abdul Qadir Team Lead - Scientific Services Admin Himalaya Wellness Company Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 19
THE ENTRANCE GUIDE The Entrance Guide comprises objective-type, multiple-choice questions and answers to help you in the preparation of postgraduate entrance examinations. 1. _______ is not a classical symptom of tetanus. a. Trismus b. Muscle rigidity c. Reflex spasm d. Hearing impairments 2. Azotemia specifically indicates _____. a. Elevation of serum urea b. Elevation of serum urea and other nitrogenous wastes c. Elevation of serum urea and creatinine d. Gross imbalance of serum urea and creatinine 3. Taila-lashuna prayoga is specifically indicated in _____ chikitsa. a. Unmada b. Moorcha c. Apasmara d. Sthoulya 4. A 40-year-old male patient walks into your clinic limping. He is a heavy smoker and complains of progressive numbness and tingling in his legs. You notice lesions along his legs. What is your provisional diagnosis? a. Dermatitis b. Gout c. Buerger’s disease d. Raynaud’s disease 5. Pleeha vriddhi is the symptom of ______. a. Medokshaya b. Medovruddhi c. Mamsa kshaya d. Raktavruddhi 6. Surgery is done NPO in all except ______. a. Moodhagarbha b. Mukharoga c. Bhagandara d. None of these 7. _____ Kalpana is prepared without heating. a. Kshara b. Sattva c. Arka d. Kvatha 8. Digestion power is the greatest in _____ ritu. a. Shishira b. Vasanta c. Hemanta d. Sharad 9. ______ is a Prameha purvarupa lakshana. a. Keshanakha ativruddhi b. Sheetapriyatva c. Suptangata d. Both a and b 10. Ashoka is mentioned in _____ sthapana. a. Shonita b. Vedana c. Both a and b d. None of these 11. Pravrushayani is synonymous with _____, a plant that grows in the rainy season. a. Boerhaavia diffusa b. Oxalis corniculata c. Nymphea alba d. Cyperus rotundus 12. ______ is contraindicated in Nidranasha. a. Abhyanga b. Samvahana c. Udvartana d. Samshodhana 13. According to Acharya Sharangadhara, Bhedana is the karmukata of _____. a. Aragvadha b. Triphala c. Katukarohini d. Shyama An Interview With Dr Mansvi Chandrashekhar Patil The 2022 Himalaya Gold Medalist From Maharashtra University of Health Sciences Dr Mansvi completed BAMS from Bhaisaheb Sawant Ayurved Mahavidyalaya (Sawantwadi, Maharashtra, India). She is currently pursuing an internship in the same college. Connect with Dr Mansvi at mansvipatil141199@gmail.com Q1. Being a university topper and winning a gold medal must have been a dream come true! How would you describe this journey? It is definitely overwhelming to receive the gold medal, and I am very much thankful to Himalaya for this honor. The journey of four and a half years of BAMS was full of growth and improvement because of the guidance and encouragement I got frommy family, teachers, and friends. Dr Mansvi Receiving the Medal 20 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
14. Prinzmetal’s angina or variant angina occurs during _____. a. The resting state b. Physical exertion c. Both a and b d. None of these 15. _____ is considered as naivedya of Parada. a. Vanga b. Makshika c. Gandhaka d. Abhraka 16. Dipika taila is indicated in_____. a. Karna shoola b. Netra roga c. Shirah shoola d. All of these 17. Eight vanyopalas are used in the heating system of ______ puta. a. Ardha gaja b. Kukkuta puta and Varaha c. Kukkuta puta and Kapota d. Kapota 18. Heating and quenching are found in ______ process. a. Avapa b. Nirvapa c. Abhisheka d. Swedana 19. Frequent feeling of daha and shitalata is seen in _____ jvara. a. Sannipataja b. Agantuja c. Pitta-kaphaja d. Both a and c 20. Ardita vata is incurable if it lasts for _____. a. 3 years b. 2 years c. 1 year d. 6 months 21. _____ dosha is predominant during the early morning. a. Vata b. Pitta c. Kapha d. Tridosha 22. _____ is considered a skin appendage. a. Epidermis b. Pilosebaceous unit c. Subcutaneous fat d. Cutaneous nerves 23. In literature, Shadvidha Kashaya Kalpana was mentioned by _____. a. Acharya Charaka b. Acharya Sushruta c. Acharya Sharagandhara d. None of these 24. Bhavana dravya of Rajah Pravartini Vati is _____ svarasa. a. Bhringaraja b. Ardraka c. Kanya d. Amalaki 25. Presence of xanthelasma is indicative of ____ . a. Hypercholesterolemia b. Increased intraocular pressure c. Anemia d. None of these 26. The word kumbha in Kumbha Kamala denotes _____. a. Antra b. Yakrit c. Kostha d. Pleeha 27. Tubers should be collected in _______ ritu. a. Vasanta b. Sharad c. Hemanta d. Varsha Inputs from: Dr Srikanth K National Manager - Scientific Services Himalaya Wellness Company To read the complete interview, scan the QR code (Login Ò Home Ò Topper’s Talk) Inputs from: Dr Chandra Prakash Shukla, Senior Manager - Scientific Services, Himalaya Wellness Company To take this test online, scan the QR code (Login Ò Home Ò PGET Guide) Q2. Please share with us your success mantra and your strategies for preparing for the exams. I think, for any student, consistency is the key to success. Just know your capabilities, and work hard until you are satisfied with your own growth. Dr Mansvi With the Himalaya Gold Medal and Certificate Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 21
AYURVEDA TRENDS Integrative Medicine Center Inaugurated at Safdarjung Hospital Dr Mansukh Mandaviya (Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare) and Mr Sarbananda Sonowal (Union Minister of Ayush) jointly inaugurated an integrative medicine center at All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) in Safdarjung Hospital (New Delhi, India). On the occasion, Dr Bharati Pravin Pawar (Minister of State for Health), Dr Munjapara Mahendrabhai Kalubhai (Minister of State for Ayush), and Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha (Ayush Secretary) were also present. According to Dr Mansukh, this initiative will help provide multidisciplinary care to patients. Integrative medicine aims at harnessing the benefits of Ayurveda along with that of modern advancements from the field of allopathy. Dr Mansukh said that the use of modern and traditional medical practices will help provide better avenues of health and wellness. He also said that the central government has established more than 1,56,000 Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centers across the country, which are playing a crucial role in providing various types of services to the citizens. Additionally, Mr Sarbananda appreciated the efforts taken by the AIIA and said that it is a matter of great pride that India is moving toward holistic health care, and integrating medicine systems is an important step in that direction. Sources: AYUSH. Department of Integrative Medicine inaugurated at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. PIB, New Delhi. February 7, 2023. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1897058. Accessed March 1, 2023. Integrative medicine centre of All India Institute of Ayurveda inaugurated at Safdarjung hospital. ETHealthworld.com. February 9, 2023. https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/hospitals/integrative-medicine-centre-of-all-india-institute-of-ayurveda-inagurated-at-safdarjunghospital/97751077. Accessed March 1, 2023. Image source: ht tps://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage. aspx?PRID=1897058 Budget Allocation for the National Ayush Mission Increased The Indian government’s goal of integrating the Ayush system into the National Health ecosystem got a major boost in the Union Budget 2023–2024. The finance minister Ms Nirmala Sitharaman, on February 1, 2023, declared an increase in the total budget allocation to Ayush ministry by 20% to R3647 crore (~USD 455 million). The union government–sponsored National Ayush Mission (NAM) received a 50% increase in budget allocation, thus increasing the total budget from R800 crore (~USD 100 million) to R1200 crore (~USD 150 million). Moreover, the budget laid emphasis on promoting evidence-based research in the Ayush system of medicine through Ayush research councils. According to the Ayush ministry, the NAM is primarily focused on providing cost-effective Ayush services, with universal access to and improving the facilities in Ayush hospitals and dispensaries and health and wellness centers. The NAM also aims at establishing Ayush facilities near primary health centers, community health centers, and district hospitals. Other activities that the NAM focuses on include the cultivation of medicinal plants, the production of quality ingredients to supply to Ayush, the integration of medicinal plants in cultivation, and increasing the export of value-added products of medicinal plants. Source: AYUSH. National Ayush Mission gets 50 percent increase in budget allocation. PIB, New Delhi. February 1, 2023. https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1895518. Accessed March 1, 2023. 22 • Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023
RESEARCH AT HIMALAYA Meta-analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Liv.52® in the Management of Infective Hepatitis Aim To conduct a meta-analysis of 50 published study reports for the efficacy and short- and long-term safety of Liv.52 syrup and tablet in the management of hepatitis A Materials and Methods This meta-analysis included data from 50 clinical studies, in which 4490 patients (aged < 5–15 y) participated. Among them, 3007 patients received Liv.52 syrup and tablet for a mean period of 6 months, 785 patients received placebo, and the remaining patients received corticosteroids, multivitamins, or other treatments. The changes in the biochemical parameters (serum bilirubin [SB], serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT], serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], serum alkaline phosphatase [SAP], serum albumin [SA], serum globulin [SG], and prothrombin time [PT]) from the baseline to values at the end of the study, and the total duration of clinical recovery were recorded. Incidence of adverse events during the study and patient compliance to the treatment were recorded. Results The elevated mean SB, SGOT, SGPT, and SAP levels and PT at entry significantly reduced in the Liv.52 group by the end of the study. The low SA and SG levels significantly increased in the Liv.52 group. The mean period required for total (symptomatic, clinical, and biochemical) recovery reduced significantly in the Liv.52 group compared with that in the placebo (Figure). No adverse events were observed in any trial, and the overall treatment compliance was excellent. Conclusion These findings suggest that Liv.52 syrup and tablet are safe and effective in the management of hepatitis A. Figure. Mean Period of Recovery in Hepatitis A Patients in the Control and Liv.52 Groups An excerpt of the clinical study conducted by Kolhapure SA et al published in the journal Medicine Update is featured here. at = 2.620; P = .0307; Significant Liv.52 0 5 10 15 20 25 Control a Day, n Himalaya Infoline • Vol 19 • No. 2 • May–Aug 2023 • 23
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